Confidentiality: The assurance that information is accessible only to those authorized to access it. Confidentiality ensures that sensitive data remains protected from unauthorized disclosure or access.
Integrity: The assurance that data remains accurate, complete, and unaltered during storage, transmission, or processing. Integrity ensures that information maintains its reliability and trustworthiness.
Availability: The assurance that information and resources are accessible and usable when needed by authorized users. Availability ensures that systems, networks, and services remain operational and accessible despite disruptions or attacks.
Authentication: The process of verifying the identity of users, devices, or entities attempting to access a system, network, or resource. Authentication mechanisms include passwords, biometric authentication, and multi-factor authentication (MFA).
Authorization: The process of granting or denying access rights and permissions to users, devices, or entities based on their authenticated identities. Authorization ensures that users have appropriate levels of access to resources based on their roles and responsibilities.
Encryption: The process of converting plaintext data into ciphertext using cryptographic algorithms to protect it from unauthorized access or interception. Encryption ensures data confidentiality and privacy by scrambling information so that it can only be read by authorized parties with the decryption key.
Firewall: A network security device or software that monitors and controls incoming and outgoing network traffic based on predetermined security rules. Firewalls help prevent unauthorized access and protect against cyber threats by filtering and blocking potentially malicious traffic.
Intrusion Detection System (IDS): A security tool or system that monitors network or system activities for suspicious behavior or patterns indicative of unauthorized access, misuse, or security breaches. IDS alerts security personnel to potential security incidents for further investigation and response.
Vulnerability: A weakness or flaw in a system, application, or network that could be exploited by attackers to compromise security, gain unauthorized access, or cause damage. Vulnerabilities can arise from software bugs, misconfigurations, or design flaws.
Patch Management: The process of identifying, prioritizing, testing, and deploying software updates, patches, and security fixes to address known vulnerabilities and weaknesses in systems, applications, and devices. Patch management helps mitigate the risk of exploitation by attackers and ensures the security and stability of IT environments.
